SpringMVC环境搭建
补全目录-添加 java和resources文件夹在pom.xml中导入jar包
<!-- 版本锁定 -->
<properties>
<spring.version>5.0.2.RELEASE</spring.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>2.5</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.0</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
在web.xml中配置前端控制器servlet
<!-- SpringMVC的核心控制器 -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!-- 配置Servlet的初始化参数，读取springmvc的配置文件，创建spring容器 -->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<!-- 配置servlet启动时加载对象 -->
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
在resources下创建springMVC.xml,添加约束
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!-- 配置spring创建容器时要扫描的包 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.itheima"></context:component-scan>
<!-- 配置视图解析器 -->
<bean id="viewResolver"class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/"></property>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
</bean>
<!-- 配置spring开启注解mvc的支持 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>
</beans>
入门程序编写
更改springMVC.xml中的约束，开启注解扫描index.jsp中添加链接，点击链接跳转到成功界面写一个控制器servlet，类加注解@Controller,写一个返回字符串的方法，返回值为success.方法加注解@RequestMapping(path = "/hello"),hello为路径在WEB-INF中新建文件夹pages，pages中新建 success.jsp在springMVc.xml中写视图解析器
<bean id="internalResourceViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
7.在web.xml中加载springMVC.xml文件还有服务器启动时执行
<servlet>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!--加载springMVC文件-->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath*:SpringMVC.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<!--服务器启动时执行-->
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
RequestMapping注解
RequestMapping注解的作用 类上加@RequestMapping(paht = "/user"),方法上加@RequestMapping(path = "/test")。 a标签上的路径应该是"user/test"。RequestMapping注解的属性 1.path和value属性：@RequestMapping(path = "/test")和@RequestMapping(value = "/test")作用是相同的，只有value属性时value也可以省略。@RequestMapping("/test") 2.method属性：@RequestMapping(path = "/hello",method = RequestMethod.GET),method代表方法执行的方式。 3.params：用于指定限制请求参数的条件。@RequestMapping(path = "/hello",params = {"username"}),请求参数中必须有username，没有则不执行。 4.headers 发送的请求中必须包含的请求头@RequestMapping(path = "/hello",params = {"username"},headers = {"Accept"})。
