操作系统第二次作业

科技2022-08-07 115

王丽201919102007 思考题（1）系统是怎样创建进程的？1.申请空白PCB（进程控制块）；2.为新进程分配资源；3.初始化PCB；4.就新进程插入就绪队列；（2）当首次调用新创建进程时，其入口在哪里？fork()函数被调用一次，但返回两次；两次返回区别在于：子程序返回值是0，而父进程返回值是子进程的ID。子进程和父进程运行相同的代码，但是有自己的数据空间。（3）程序的多次运行结果为什么不同？如何控制实验结果的随机性？多个进程的并发执行，每个进程都有先获取cpu的可能性，故而哪一个进程先执行是随机的。可以通过等待，睡眠的等操作来实现多个进程的同步。（1）可执行文件加载时进行了哪些处理？进程用exec( )装入命令ls ，exec( )后，子进程的代码被ls的代码取代，这时子进程的PC指向ls的第1条语句，开始执行ls的命令代码（2）什么是进程同步？wait( )是如何实现进程同步的？进程同步是指多个相关进程在执行次序上进行协调，以使并发执行的主进程之间有效的共享资源和相互合作，从而使程序的执行具有可再现性。首先程序在调用fork()创建了一个子进程后，马上调用wait()，使父进程在子进程调用之前一直处于睡眠状态，这样使子进程先运行，子进程运行exec()装入命令后，然后调用wait(0)，使子进程和父进程并发执行，实现了进程同步。（3）wait( )和exit（）是如何控制实验结果的随机性的？可以看出在使用了exec()函数后程序使用了ls的命令，列出/bin/目录下的文件信息，执行完execl()函数后，子进程调用exit()函数，退出当前进程，我们可以发现在使用wait()函数后，父进程永远将在其他的子进程完成之后才执行，所以在输出的结果中我们可以看到最后输出的将是父进程的信息，这样进而可以控制实验结果的随机性。

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