文章目录

安装DockerDocker-Compose 镜像管理容器管理

安装

Docker

参考：https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/centos/

[root@docker ~]# yum instal yum-utils [root@docker ~]# yum-config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo [root@docker ~]# dnf install docker-ce [root@docker ~]#

Docker-Compose

参考：https://docs.docker.com/compose/install/

[root@nginx ~]# cd /usr/local/bin [root@nginx bin]# ll total 11940 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 12218968 Oct 20 14:30 docker-compose-Linux-x86_64 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 94 Oct 20 14:30 docker-compose-Linux-x86_64.sha256 [root@nginx bin]# shasum -a 256 -c docker-compose-Linux-x86_64.sha256 docker-compose-Linux-x86_64: OK [root@nginx bin]# mv docker-compose-Linux-x86_64 docker-compose [root@nginx bin]# chmod +x docker-compose [root@nginx bin]# rm -f docker-compose-Linux-x86_64.sha256 [root@nginx bin]#

镜像管理

搜索可用镜像 [root@docker ~]# docker search centos NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED centos The official build of CentOS. 6218 [OK] ansible/centos7-ansible Ansible on Centos7 132 [OK] consol/centos-xfce-vnc Centos container with "headless" VNC session… 122 [OK] jdeathe/centos-ssh OpenSSH / Supervisor / EPEL/IUS/SCL Repos - … 115 [OK] centos/systemd systemd enabled base container. 86 [OK] centos/mysql-57-centos7 MySQL 5.7 SQL database server 83 imagine10255/centos6-lnmp-php56 centos6-lnmp-php56 58 [OK] tutum/centos Simple CentOS docker image with SSH access 47 centos/postgresql-96-centos7 PostgreSQL is an advanced Object-Relational … 46 kinogmt/centos-ssh CentOS with SSH 29 [OK] pivotaldata/centos-gpdb-dev CentOS image for GPDB development. Tag names… 13 guyton/centos6 From official centos6 container with full up… 10 [OK] drecom/centos-ruby centos ruby 6 [OK] centos/tools Docker image that has systems administration… 6 [OK] pivotaldata/centos Base centos, freshened up a little with a Do… 5 mamohr/centos-java Oracle Java 8 Docker image based on Centos 7 3 [OK] pivotaldata/centos-gcc-toolchain CentOS with a toolchain, but unaffiliated wi… 3 darksheer/centos Base Centos Image -- Updated hourly 3 [OK] pivotaldata/centos-mingw Using the mingw toolchain to cross-compile t… 3 blacklabelops/centos CentOS Base Image! Built and Updates Daily! 1 [OK] mcnaughton/centos-base centos base image 1 [OK] indigo/centos-maven Vanilla CentOS 7 with Oracle Java Developmen… 1 [OK] pivotaldata/centos6.8-dev CentosOS 6.8 image for GPDB development 0 smartentry/centos centos with smartentry 0 [OK] pivotaldata/centos7-dev CentosOS 7 image for GPDB development 0 [root@docker ~]# 拉取 [root@docker ~]# docker pull centos Using default tag: latest latest: Pulling from library/centos 3c72a8ed6814: Pull complete Digest: sha256:76d24f3ba3317fa945743bb3746fbaf3a0b752f10b10376960de01da70685fbd Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest docker.io/library/centos:latest [root@docker ~]# docker pull centos:7 7: Pulling from library/centos 75f829a71a1c: Pull complete Digest: sha256:19a79828ca2e505eaee0ff38c2f3fd9901f4826737295157cc5212b7a372cd2b Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:7 docker.io/library/centos:7 [root@docker ~]# 查看本地镜像 [root@docker ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE ubuntu latest 9140108b62dc 9 days ago 72.9MB centos 7 7e6257c9f8d8 7 weeks ago 203MB centos latest 0d120b6ccaa8 7 weeks ago 215MB [root@docker ~]# 打包本地镜像 [root@docker ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE ubuntu latest 9140108b62dc 9 days ago 72.9MB centos 7 7e6257c9f8d8 7 weeks ago 203MB centos latest 0d120b6ccaa8 7 weeks ago 215MB [root@docker ~]# docker save 7e6257c9f8d8 -o /tmp/centos_7.docker.tar [root@docker ~]# ll /tmp/centos_7.docker.tar -rw-------. 1 root root 211088896 Oct 5 14:47 /tmp/centos_7.docker.tar [root@docker ~]# 删除本地镜像 [root@docker ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE ubuntu latest 9140108b62dc 9 days ago 72.9MB centos 7 7e6257c9f8d8 7 weeks ago 203MB centos latest 0d120b6ccaa8 7 weeks ago 215MB [root@docker ~]# docker image rm 7e6257c9f8d8 Untagged: centos:7 Untagged: centos@sha256:19a79828ca2e505eaee0ff38c2f3fd9901f4826737295157cc5212b7a372cd2b Deleted: sha256:7e6257c9f8d8d4cdff5e155f196d67150b871bbe8c02761026f803a704acb3e9 Deleted: sha256:613be09ab3c0860a5216936f412f09927947012f86bfa89b263dfa087a725f81 [root@docker ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE ubuntu latest 9140108b62dc 9 days ago 72.9MB centos latest 0d120b6ccaa8 7 weeks ago 215MB [root@docker ~]# 导入本地镜像 [root@docker ~]# docker load -i /tmp/centos_7.docker.tar Loaded image ID: sha256:7e6257c9f8d8d4cdff5e155f196d67150b871bbe8c02761026f803a704acb3e9 [root@docker ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE ubuntu latest 9140108b62dc 9 days ago 72.9MB centos 7 7e6257c9f8d8 7 weeks ago 203MB centos latest 0d120b6ccaa8 7 weeks ago 215MB [root@docker ~]#

容器管理

创建 创建交互式容器 命令说明docker container run -it [IMAGE ID]通过镜像ID创建docker container run -it [REPOSITORY]默认最新版本的镜像docker container run -it [REPOSITORY:TAG]指定特定版本的镜像 [root@docker ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE centos 7 7e6257c9f8d8 8 weeks ago 203MB centos latest 0d120b6ccaa8 8 weeks ago 215MB [root@docker ~]# docker container run -it 7e6257c9f8d8 [root@docker ~]# docker container run -it centos [root@docker ~]# docker container run -it centos:7 [root@90d6b197c036 /]# 参数说明-i交互式Keep STDIN open even if not attached-t加载伪终端Allocate a pseudo-TTY 创建守护式容器 参数说明–name指定容器名称–hostname指定容器主机名称 [root@docker ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE nginx latest 7e4d58f0e5f3 3 weeks ago 133MB centos 7 7e6257c9f8d8 8 weeks ago 203MB centos latest 0d120b6ccaa8 8 weeks ago 215MB [root@docker ~]# docker container run -d --name=nginx01 --hostname=nginx nginx 0e7d3aad5b23a2f1635069a5786ab041eef69dce989a6746279f057ea3c8afcc [root@docker ~]# 查看 查看正在运行的镜像 列名说明CONTAINER ID容器的唯一标识IMAGE使用的镜像信息NAME容器的名字 [root@docker ~]# docker container ls CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 0e7d3aad5b23 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 20 seconds ago Up 19 seconds 80/tcp nginx01 [root@docker ~]# 查看所有的镜像 [root@docker ~]# docker container ls -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 0e7d3aad5b23 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 34 seconds ago Up 33 seconds 80/tcp nginx01 90d6b197c036 centos:7 "/bin/bash" 3 minutes ago Exited (0) 35 seconds ago thirsty_gauss e178d714771c centos "/bin/bash" 3 minutes ago Exited (0) 3 minutes ago practical_gates 990f7231d847 7e6257c9f8d8 "/bin/bash" 4 minutes ago Exited (0) 3 minutes ago affectionate_archimedes [root@docker ~]# 查看完整的镜像信息 [root@docker ~]# docker container ls --no-trunc CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 0e7d3aad5b23a2f1635069a5786ab041eef69dce989a6746279f057ea3c8afcc nginx "/docker-entrypoint.sh nginx -g 'daemon off;'" About a minute ago Up About a minute 80/tcp nginx01 [root@docker ~]# 只查看镜像ID [root@docker ~]# docker container ls -q 0e7d3aad5b23 [root@docker ~]# 登录 登入交互式容器

交互式容器退出即停止运行，登录前要先启动

[root@docker ~]# docker container ls -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 90d6b197c036 centos:7 "/bin/bash" 14 minutes ago Exited (0) 11 minutes ago thirsty_gauss [root@docker ~]# docker container start -i thirsty_gauss [root@90d6b197c036 /]# exit exit [root@docker ~]# docker container ls -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 90d6b197c036 centos:7 "/bin/bash" 14 minutes ago Exited (0) 3 seconds ago thirsty_gauss [root@docker ~]# 登入守护式容器

守护式容器通过让进程Hang在前台运行保持活动状态，登陆时需要额外起一个子shell来进行交互。

[root@docker ~]# docker container ls CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 0e7d3aad5b23 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 13 minutes ago Up 13 minutes 80/tcp nginx01 [root@docker ~]# docker container exec -it nginx01 /bin/bash root@nginx:/# exit exit [root@docker ~]# docker container ls CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 0e7d3aad5b23 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 15 minutes ago Up 15 minutes 80/tcp nginx01 [root@docker ~]# 交互式容器模拟守护式容器

登入交互式容器后，使用Ctrl+P+Q退出就可以使交互式容器保持活动状态。

[root@docker ~]# docker container start -i thirsty_gauss [root@90d6b197c036 /]# [root@docker ~]# [root@docker ~]# docker container ls CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 90d6b197c036 centos:7 "/bin/bash" 20 minutes ago Up 15 seconds thirsty_gauss [root@docker ~]# docker container exec -it thirsty_gauss /bin/bash [root@90d6b197c036 /]# exit exit [root@docker ~]# docker container ls CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 90d6b197c036 centos:7 "/bin/bash" 20 minutes ago Up 38 seconds thirsty_gauss [root@docker ~]# 停止容器 [root@docker ~]# docker container ls CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 0e7d3aad5b23 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 22 minutes ago Up 22 minutes 80/tcp nginx01 90d6b197c036 centos:7 "/bin/bash" 25 minutes ago Up 5 minutes thirsty_gauss [root@docker ~]# docker container stop thirsty_gauss thirsty_gauss [root@docker ~]# docker container ls CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 0e7d3aad5b23 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 22 minutes ago Up 22 minutes 80/tcp nginx01 [root@docker ~]# 删除容器 删除已停止运行的容器 [root@docker ~]# docker container ls -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 0e7d3aad5b23 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 23 minutes ago Up 23 minutes 80/tcp nginx01 90d6b197c036 centos:7 "/bin/bash" 26 minutes ago Exited (137) 43 seconds ago thirsty_gauss [root@docker ~]# docker container rm thirsty_gauss thirsty_gauss [root@docker ~]# docker container ls -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 0e7d3aad5b23 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 23 minutes ago Up 23 minutes 80/tcp nginx01 强制删除正在运行的容器 [root@docker ~]# docker container rm nginx01 Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container 0e7d3aad5b23a2f1635069a5786ab041eef69dce989a6746279f057ea3c8afcc. Stop the container before attempting removal or force remove [root@docker ~]# docker container rm -f nginx01 nginx01 [root@docker ~]# 删除所有的容器 [root@docker ~]# docker container rm -f `docker container ls -a -q` e178d714771c 990f7231d847 [root@docker ~]# 退出即销毁的容器 [root@docker ~]# docker container run -it --rm centos [root@0e0ae1bea87d /]# exit exit [root@docker ~]# docker container ls -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES [root@docker ~]# 容器的端口映射 格式举例说明说明hostPort:containerPort8080:80监听来自所有IP对本地8080端口的TCP访问请求并转发给容器的80端口hostPort:containerPort8080:80/udp…UDP …containerHost80随机分配一个本地端口，监听来自所有IP对其发起的TCP访问请求并 …ip:hostPort:containerPort13.13.7.7:8080:80监听IP地址为13.13.7.7的主机对本地8080端口的TCP访问请求并 … [root@docker ~]# docker container run -d -p 8080:80 --name=nginx02 7e4d58f0e5f3 951bc7fa09c9167882ddbabdd997c1d572e44f8cd39e98f570bf22f81e2fea0f [root@docker ~]# curl localhost:8080 <p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p> [root@docker ~]# 其它指令 top：查看容器的进程信息 [root@docker ~]# docker container top nginx02 UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD root 9583 9567 0 16:52 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx -g daemon off; 101 9632 9583 0 16:52 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process [root@docker ~]# logs：查看容器的日志信息 [root@docker ~]# docker container logs nginx02 172.17.0.1 - - [06/Oct/2020:08:52:56 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "curl/7.61.1" "-" [root@docker ~]# cp：拷贝本地文件到容器内部 [root@docker ~]# echo "Hello World" > /tmp/index.html [root@docker ~]# docker container cp /tmp/index.html nginx02:/usr/share/nginx/html/ [root@docker ~]# curl localhost:8080 Hello World [root@docker ~]# volume：挂载本地数据卷到容器 [root@docker ~]# mkdir /media/cdrom [root@docker ~]# mount /dev/sr0 /media/cdrom/ [root@docker ~]# docker container run -it -v /media/cdrom/:/media/CentOS/ --name=volum centos [root@a5871c1fab82 /]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Media.repo .... [c8-media-BaseOS] name=CentOS-BaseOS-$releasever - Media baseurl=file:///media/CentOS/BaseOS .... [root@a5871c1fab82 /]# dnf --disablerepo=\* --enablerepo=c8-media-BaseOS install openssh-server Package Architecture Version Repository Size ==================================================================================================================================================================================================================== Installing: openssh-server x86_64 8.0p1-4.el8_1 c8-media-BaseOS 485 k volumes-from：数据卷容器 [root@docker ~]# docker container run -it --volumes-from=volum centos [root@30ffe46a6cce /]# dnf --disablerepo=\* --enablerepo=c8-media-BaseOS install openssh-server Package Architecture Version Repository Size ==================================================================================================================================================================================================================== Installing: openssh-server x86_64 8.0p1-4.el8_1 c8-media-BaseOS 485 k 查看容器的详细信息（IP地址） [root@nginx ~]# docker container inspect nginx01 | head -5 [ { "Id": "5d0652cb1510cbc6fe4658ce2ce149567245bd9c4286936f3fb61ba855cfceba", "Created": "2020-10-20T07:57:10.614033114Z", "Path": "/docker-entrypoint.sh", [root@nginx ~]# docker container inspect nginx01 | grep IPAddress "SecondaryIPAddresses": null, "IPAddress": "", "IPAddress": "172.19.0.2", [root@nginx ~]#