Dependency Injection。它是 spring 框架核心 ioc 的具体实现。我们的程序在编写时,通过控制反转,把对象的创建交给了 spring,但是代码中不可能出现没有依赖的情况。ioc 解耦只是降低他们的依赖关系,但不会消除。例如:我们的业务层仍会调用持久层的方法。
以后都交给spring来维护,在当前类需要用到其他类的对象,由spring为我们提供,我们只需要在配置文件中说明依赖关系的维护,就称之为依赖注入。
使用的标签: constructor-arg
标签出现的位置: bean标签的内部
标签中的属性
type: 用于指定要注入的数据的数据类型,该数据类型也是构造函数中某个或某些参数的类型
index: 用于指定要注入的数据给构造函数中指定索引位置的参数赋值。索引的位置是从0开始
name: 用于指定给构造函数中指定名称的参数赋值(常用)
value: 用于提供基本类型和String类型的数据
ref: 用于指定其他的bean类型数据。它指的就是在spring的Ioc核心容器中出现过的bean对象
优势: 在获取bean对象时,注入数据是必须的操作,否则对象无法创建成功。
弊端: 改变了bean对象的实例化方式,使我们在创建对象时,如果用不到这些数据,也必须提供。
代码实现
bens.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"> <!--把对象的创建交给spring来管理--> <bean id="accountService" class="com.hzuxy.service.impl.AccountServiceImpl"> <constructor-arg name="name" value="test"></constructor-arg> <constructor-arg name="age" value="18"></constructor-arg> <constructor-arg name="birthday" ref="now"></constructor-arg> </bean> <!-- 配置一个日期对象 --> <bean id="now" class="java.util.Date"></bean> </bean> </beans>IAccountService.java
package com.hzuxy.service; /** * 账户业务层的接口 */ public interface IAccountService { /** * 模拟保存账户 */ void saveAccount(); }AccountServiceImpl.java
package com.hzuxy.service.impl; import com.hzuxy.service.IAccountService; import java.util.Date; /** * 账户的业务层实现类 */ public class AccountServiceImpl implements IAccountService { private String name; private Integer age; private Date birthday; public AccountServiceImpl(String name, Integer age, Date birthday) { this.name = name; this.age = age; this.birthday = birthday; } public void saveAccount(){ System.out.println("sevice中的saveAccount方法执行了..." + name + "," + age + "," + birthday); } }Client
package com.hzuxy.ui; import com.hzuxy.service.IAccountService; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; /** * 模拟一个表现层,用于调用业务层 */ public class Client { public static void main(String[] args) { //1.获取核心容器对象 ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml"); //2.根据id获取Bean对象 IAccountService as = (IAccountService)ac.getBean("accountService"); as.saveAccount(); } } 执行结果
bens.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"> <!--把对象的创建交给spring来管理--> <bean id="accountService2" class="com.hzuxy.service.impl.AccountServiceImpl2"> <property name="name" value="TEST" ></property> <property name="age" value="21"></property> <property name="birthday" ref="now"></property> </bean> <!-- 配置一个日期对象 --> <bean id="now" class="java.util.Date"></bean> </beans>IAccountService.java
package com.hzuxy.service; /** * 账户业务层的接口 */ public interface IAccountService { /** * 模拟保存账户 */ void saveAccount(); }AccountServiceImpl2.java
package com.hzuxy.service.impl; import com.hzuxy.service.IAccountService; import java.util.Date; /** * 账户的业务层实现类 */ public class AccountServiceImpl2 implements IAccountService { private String name; private Integer age; private Date birthday; public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public void setAge(Integer age) { this.age = age; } public void setBirthday(Date birthday) { this.birthday = birthday; } public void saveAccount(){ System.out.println("sevice中的saveAccount方法执行了..." + name + "," + age + "," + birthday); } }Client .java
package com.hzuxy.ui; import com.hzuxy.service.IAccountService; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; /** * 模拟一个表现层,用于调用业务层 */ public class Client { public static void main(String[] args) { //1.获取核心容器对象 ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml"); //2.根据id获取Bean对象 IAccountService as = (IAccountService)ac.getBean("accountService2"); as.saveAccount(); } } 执行结果
bens.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"> <!--把对象的创建交给spring来管理--> <bean id="accountService3" class="com.hzuxy.service.impl.AccountServiceImpl3"> <property name="myStrs"> <set> <value>AAA</value> <value>BBB</value> <value>CCC</value> </set> </property> <property name="myList"> <array> <value>AAA</value> <value>BBB</value> <value>CCC</value> </array> </property> <property name="mySet"> <list> <value>AAA</value> <value>BBB</value> <value>CCC</value> </list> </property> <property name="myMap"> <props> <prop key="testC">ccc</prop> <prop key="testD">ddd</prop> </props> </property> <property name="myProps"> <map> <entry key="testA" value="aaa"></entry> <entry key="testB"> <value>BBB</value> </entry> </map> </property> </bean> </beans>IAccountService.java
package com.hzuxy.service; /** * 账户业务层的接口 */ public interface IAccountService { /** * 模拟保存账户 */ void saveAccount(); }AccountServiceImpl3.java
package com.hzuxy.service.impl; import com.hzuxy.service.IAccountService; import java.util.*; public class AccountServiceImpl3 implements IAccountService { private String[] myStrs; private List<String> myList; private Set<String> mySet; private Map<String,String> myMap; private Properties myProps; public void setMyStrs(String[] myStrs) { this.myStrs = myStrs; } public void setMyList(List<String> myList) { this.myList = myList; } public void setMySet(Set<String> mySet) { this.mySet = mySet; } public void setMyMap(Map<String, String> myMap) { this.myMap = myMap; } public void setMyProps(Properties myProps) { this.myProps = myProps; } public void saveAccount(){ System.out.println(Arrays.toString(myStrs)); System.out.println(myList); System.out.println(mySet); System.out.println(myMap); System.out.println(myProps); } }Client
package com.hzuxy.ui; import com.hzuxy.service.IAccountService; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; /** * 模拟一个表现层,用于调用业务层 */ public class Client { public static void main(String[] args) { //1.获取核心容器对象 ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml"); //2.根据id获取Bean对象 IAccountService as = (IAccountService)ac.getBean("accountService3"); as.saveAccount(); } } 执行结果