智能思维的核心技术
As humans continue to build an increasingly enormous technological civilization, the products that we use and the computerized systems that we engage with will require significant considerations when designing them.
随着人类继续建立越来越庞大的技术文明，在设计它们时，我们使用的产品和与之交互的计算机化系统将需要进行认真考虑。
When you go online to read your favorite blog or browse through Medium’s home page or open up Instagram’s explore page, you are interacting not only with the system, but you are also being exposed to the different values inherent — deliberate or not — within the system that were created by another human being.
当您上网阅读自己喜欢的博客或浏览Medium的主页或打开Instagram探索页面时，您不仅在与系统进行交互，而且还暴露于系统内在固有的不同价值(有意或无意)由另一个人创造的。
As social creatures, our experiences can be significantly shaped not just by technologies in the material sense, but also by the type of experimental thinking, as described by Buchanan in his article The Wicked Problem in Design Thinking, that is done by designers, who are also members of the human community.
作为社交动物，我们的经验不仅会受到物质意义上的技术的影响，还会受到实验思维类型的影响，正如Buchanan在他的文章《设计思维中的邪恶问题》中所描述的那样。也是人类社会的成员。
In the following article, I will explore the “wicked problem” of human-computer-interactions and how an integrated approach of design thinking can reveal a solution to that problem. As a result, the discussion will give a better understanding of computerization as a social phenomenon.
在下一篇文章中，我将探讨人机交互的“邪恶问题”，以及设计思维的综合方法如何揭示该问题的解决方案。 结果，该讨论将更好地理解计算机化作为一种社会现象。
In Buchanan’s article, he calls upon the necessity of design thinking as a way to communicate and argue for solutions to “wicked problems.” These types of problems are indeterminate, meaning that they do not have definitive conditions or limits.
在布坎南(Buchanan)的文章中，他呼吁设计思维的必要性，以此作为交流和争辩“邪恶问题”解决方案的一种方式。 这些类型的问题是不确定的，这意味着它们没有确定的条件或限制。
The subject matter designers deal with are quasi-subject matter, which “tenuously exist within the problems and issues of specific circumstances.”
设计者要处理的主题是准主题，“在特定情况下的问题中始终存在”。
To be clearer, they are in contrast to the determinate problems for science, which focuses on understanding the laws and rules inherent in existing subject matter.
更清楚地说，它们与科学的确定性问题形成了鲜明对比，后者侧重于理解现有主题中固有的法律和规则。
The task and problem of designers is to conceive and plan for what does not yet exist.
设计人员的任务和问题是构思和计划尚不存在的内容。
What makes design problems so “wicked” is that they are a class of social system problems which are a mixture of different problems on many different levels wherein the clients and decision makers also have conflicting values, and information is just plain confusing.
使设计问题如此“邪恶”的原因是，它们是一类社会系统问题，是许多不同层次上各种问题的混合体，其中客户和决策者也具有相互矛盾的价值观，而信息却令人困惑。
The task and problem of designers is to conceive and plan for what does not yet exist within conditions that are a mess of various problems on various levels of the human experience.
设计人员的任务和问题是构思和计划在人类经验各个层次上各种问题杂乱无章的情况下尚不存在的问题。
In William Odom’s article, Values, Design, and Worthwhile Relationships, it is immediately apparent that human values are a main source of wicked problems in designing human-computer-interaction systems or products.
在威廉·奥多姆(William Odom)的《 价值，设计和价值的关系》一文中，很明显，在设计人机交互系统或产品时，人的价值观是造成严重问题的主要根源。
Because technological products and systems are so intertwined with our modern lifestyles, the values that they carry explicitly and implicitly have the ability to influence our very experience of life itself.
由于技术产品和系统与我们的现代生活方式紧密相连，因此它们所隐含的价值观念有能力影响我们自己的生活经历。
Odom cautions that the efficiency and functionality that products are created for may idealize a lifestyle of efficient work and mindless pleasure. We must “critically consider underlying values engrained in and projected through technologies that populate contexts of everyday life.” Both Buchanan and Odom stress the importance of design thinking in tackling wicked problems and minimizing the chances of making even more problems.
奥多姆(Odom)告诫说，为产品创造的效率和功能可能是理想的高效工作和无意识快乐的生活方式。 我们必须“批判性地考虑通过构成日常生活环境的技术所根深蒂固的基本价值。” 布坎南和奥多姆都强调设计思想在解决邪恶问题和最大程度地减少产生更多问题的机会方面的重要性。
Summarizing the goal of social computing in an interview for the Interaction Design Foundation, Tom Erickson, an interactive designer and researcher, asks, “What do you have to provide to make a particular type of interaction possible?”
交互设计师和研究员Tom Erickson在对交互设计基金会的采访中总结了社交计算的目标，他问道：“您必须提供什么才能使特定类型的交互成为可能？”
Diversity is very important in the field of interactive design and designers need to have different lenses in mind to get out of their own cultural frame.
在交互式设计领域，多样性非常重要，设计师需要牢记不同的视角，以摆脱自己的文化框架。
For designers in social computing, their main goal is to create an online system that supports social behavior among people within the system, and then make use of that system for various purposes. This is a wicked problem because, in answering this, designers need to come up with a plan that takes into a multitude of considerations for making a product that is useful.
对于社交计算设计师来说，他们的主要目标是创建一个在线系统，以支持系统内人们之间的社交行为，然后将该系统用于各种目的。 这是一个严重的问题，因为在回答这个问题时，设计师需要提出一个计划，该计划应考虑到多种因素来制造有用的产品。
Value is intrinsic to a product or system’s usefulness. If it has no value to anyone, it is essentially useless. How an online social system is designed will either spark people to self-organize or fragment organization (Erickson).
价值是产品或系统实用性的内在本质。 如果它对任何人都没有价值，那么它实际上是无用的。 在线社交系统的设计方式将激发人们进行自我组织或分散组织(Erickson)。
Because problems can occur on every level, from the cognitive to social to cultural and ecological, Erickson emphasizes that diversity is very important in the field of interactive design, and designers need to have different lenses in mind to get out of their own cultural frame.
由于问题可能发生在从认知到社会，文化和生态等各个层面，Erickson强调多样性在交互式设计领域非常重要，设计师需要牢记不同的视角来摆脱自己的文化框架。
This goes hand-in-hand with Buchanan’s concept of having placements rather than categories for designers. A designer’s style is basically his or her personal preference for certain types of visual forms, materials, or techniques; “a way of seeing possibilities through conceptual placements.”
这与布坎南(Buchanan)的具有布局而不是设计师的类别的概念紧密相关。 设计师的风格基本上是他或她对某些类型的视觉形式，材料或技术的个人偏爱； “一种通过概念上的位置了解可能性的方式。”
When these placements become categories, they become fixed and “result in mannered imitations of an earlier invention that are no longer relevant to the discovery of specific possibilities in a new situation.”
当这些位置成为类别时，它们将变得固定，并且“导致对早期发明的巧妙模仿，而这些模仿不再与在新情况下发现特定可能性相关”。
In other words, the designer forces ideas or their own values onto a situation rather than working with the situation to come up with innovative solutions that are of use to their client and target audience, if not everyone. Buchanan’s placements are just another way of iterating Erickson’s notion of having a diverse set of frames when considering solutions for wicked problems.
换句话说，设计师将想法或自己的价值观强加于一个情况上，而不是与该情况一起提出创新的解决方案，这些解决方案可用于其客户和目标受众(如果不是所有人)。 Buchanan的职位安排是迭代Erickson在考虑解决恶性问题的解决方案时拥有多种框架的想法的另一种方式。
Looking at the different areas of design, especially in symbolic and visual communications and complex systems or environments for living, working, playing and learning, the significance of design thinking for social computing and human-computer-interactions comes into play.
纵观设计的不同领域，尤其是在符号和视觉通信以及生活，工作，娱乐和学习的复杂系统或环境中，设计思想对于社会计算和人机交互的重要性开始发挥作用。
This process of designing is technology.
设计过程就是技术。
First, let us view technology more as an art of experimental thinking rather than just the artifacts or products themselves. Rather than just thinking about the computer or online dating website, think about the designing, the planning, and the different levels of intellectual consideration that went into these products.
首先，让我们更多地将技术视为实验性思维的艺术，而不仅仅是人工制品或产品本身。 不仅要考虑计算机或在线约会网站，还要考虑这些产品的设计，规划和不同层次的智力考虑。
This process of designing is technology; it is a systematic discipline, an “argument, reflecting the deliberations of designers and their efforts to integrate knowledge in new ways, suited to specific circumstances and needs” (Buchanan).
这个设计过程就是技术。 这是一门系统的学科，是一种“论据，反映了设计师的考虑以及他们为适应特定情况和需求而以新方式整合知识的努力”(布坎南)。
Our interactions with each other are increasingly computerized, such as in online cafés, forums, blogs, social networking sites, and virtual worlds. These complex systems and environments allow for a space of interaction. What is interesting to designers is how to create a computerized environment that encourages user engagement, involving the use of visual and symbolic mechanisms.
我们之间的互动越来越计算机化，例如在网吧，论坛，博客，社交网站和虚拟世界中。 这些复杂的系统和环境提供了交互空间。 设计人员感兴趣的是如何创建一个鼓励用户参与的计算机化环境，其中涉及使用视觉和符号机制。
One way is to create a culturally sustainable system that involves transparency and engagement. Transparency is achieved when the functionality of the system is understandable and accessible, and engagement is achieved when the product is dependent on human operation. These are culturally sustainable because they have inherent values of user autonomy, freedom from bias, and self-determination (Odom).
一种方法是创建一个涉及透明度和参与度的文化上可持续的系统。 当系统的功能是可理解和可访问的时，就可以实现透明度；而当产品依赖于人为操作时，就可以实现互动。 这些在文化上是可持续的，因为它们具有用户自治，免于偏见和自决的固有价值(Odom)。
Designers of social computing systems aim to engage users and encourage interaction and certain social behavior. The heart of wicked problems in social computing design and the solutions are essentially a social phenomenon because they arise out of the diverse range of human values and ever-changing contexts of our social life.
社交计算系统的设计者旨在吸引用户并鼓励互动和某些社交行为。 社会计算设计和解决方案中的严重问题的核心本质上是一种社会现象，因为它们源于人类价值观念的多样化和社会生活不断变化的环境。
The very goal of computerization is to increase the quality of the human experience.
计算机化的真正目标是提高人类体验的质量。
Because humans are social creatures and visual creatures, the design of computerized systems has great impact on our experiences. From the way that a website is displayed to the functioning of the system to the people that it reaches, computerization of social interaction has created new ways of interacting and increased our diverse range of social behavior.
因为人类是社会生物和视觉生物，所以计算机化系统的设计对我们的体验产生了重大影响。 从网站的显示方式到网站的功能，再到覆盖的人们，社交互动的计算机化创造了新的互动方式，并扩大了我们各种各样的社交行为。
Whether these systems encourage positive or negative social behavior depends greatly on the frameworks of the designers. The very goal of computerization is to increase the quality of the human experience.
这些系统是鼓励正面还是负面的社会行为在很大程度上取决于设计者的框架。 计算机化的真正目标是提高人类体验的质量。
Designers are humans who enjoy creating and solving problems, and want to create for the millions of other humans on the web. Great systems will be free from bias and cultivate positive social interactions, whether it be fair auctioning, having stimulating intellectual discussions, connecting like-minded people, or just having fun.
设计师是喜欢创造和解决问题的人，并且希望为网络上的数百万其他人创造。 伟大的系统将摆脱偏见，并培养积极的社会互动，无论是公平拍卖，刺激性的智力讨论，结识志同道合的人，还是仅仅玩得开心。
These systems will need to be transparent and engaging, which create important human values of autonomy, self-determination, and stimulation.
这些系统必须透明且引人入胜，从而创造出重要的人类自治，自决和刺激价值观。
We want users to be more human and perhaps be designers themselves.
我们希望用户变得更加人性化，或者自己成为设计师。
To create a great system, designers will encounter countless wicked problems. However, with design thinking, collaboration, and the different lenses of each individual, the solutions and possibilities will be endless.
要创建一个出色的系统，设计师将遇到无数邪恶的问题。 但是，凭借设计思维，协作和每个人的不同视角，解决方案和可能性将是无穷无尽的。
翻译自: https://medium.com/illumination/design-thinking-is-the-heart-of-technological-innovation-b92348498a32
智能思维的核心技术
