hello你好,我是辰兮,很高兴你能来阅读,本篇继续分享消息队列的实践案例,分享给初学者,大家一起进步!
整理几篇消息队列文章的初衷就是初学时网上很多案例很零碎,代码也是,为了更好的便于初学者学习就将一个完整的案例整理下来,代码完全真实可用,请自行实践!
消息队列
关于初次学习消息队列我们一定要了解它的应用场景,为什么使用?以及如何去使用?整理本篇文章为了分享给初学者给他提供一个详细案例,如下代码可以直接实践!
消息队列最核心的三个点:解耦、异步、削峰。
参考文章:消息队列作用(解耦、异步、削峰)图详解
消息队列也设计到生产者,消费者原理可以简单的了解一下
参考文章:生产者消费者问题-代码详解(Java多线程)
生产者的相关代码
/** * 编写消息的生产者 */ @Component public class MsgProducer implements RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback { private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass()); //由于rabbitTemplate的scope属性设置为ConfigurableBeanFactory.SCOPE_PROTOTYPE,所以不能自动注入 private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate; /** * 构造方法注入rabbitTemplate */ @Autowired public MsgProducer(RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate) { this.rabbitTemplate = rabbitTemplate; rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback(this); //rabbitTemplate如果为单例的话,那回调就是最后设置的内容 } /** * 发送消息方法一个交换机配一个路由配一个队列 * @param content */ public void sendMsg(String content) { CorrelationData correlationId = new CorrelationData(UUID.randomUUID().toString()); //把消息放入ROUTINGKEY_A对应的队列当中去,对应的是队列A rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitConfig.EXCHANGE_A, RabbitConfig.ROUTINGKEY_A, content, correlationId); rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitConfig.EXCHANGE_B, RabbitConfig.ROUTINGKEY_B, content, correlationId); } /** * 广播模式 * @param content */ public void sendAll(String content) { rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("fanoutExchange","", content); } /** * 回调 */ @Override public void confirm(CorrelationData correlationData, boolean ack, String cause) { //logger.info(" 回调id:" + correlationData); if (ack) { logger.info("消息成功消费"); } else { logger.info("消息消费失败:" + cause); } } }关于Controller层的相关代码
@RestController public class SendController { @Autowired private MsgProducer msgProducer; @RequestMapping(value = "/send",method = RequestMethod.GET) public void send(int length){ for (int i=1;i<=length;i++){ msgProducer.sendMsg("这是我发送的第"+i+"个信息"); } } @RequestMapping(value = "/sendAll",method = RequestMethod.GET) public void sendAll(int length){ for (int i=1;i<=length;i++){ msgProducer.sendAll("这是我发送的第"+i+"个信息"); } } }消费者的相关代码
@Component @RabbitListener(queues = RabbitConfig.QUEUE_A) public class MsgReceiver_one { private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass()); @RabbitHandler public void process(String content) { logger.info("消费者one接收处理队列A当中的消息: " + content); } }这两个分别监听队列A和队列B
@Component @RabbitListener(queues = RabbitConfig.QUEUE_B) public class MsgReceiver_two { private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass()); @RabbitHandler public void process(String content) { logger.info("消费者two接收处理队列A当中的消息: " + content); } }测试:在浏览器输入访问第一个路径输入相关参数
这里第一个路径是生产者分别发送给队列A和B
看到控制台打印相关信息
测试:在浏览器输入访问第二个路径和输入相关参数
这里第二个路径是以广播的形式发布都可以消费 看到控制台打印相关信息
http://localhost:15672/#/queues
项目配置文件的相关信息
@Configuration public class RabbitConfig { @Value("${spring.rabbitmq.host}") private String host; @Value("${spring.rabbitmq.port}") private int port; @Value("${spring.rabbitmq.username}") private String username; @Value("${spring.rabbitmq.password}") private String password; public static final String FANOUT_EXCHANGE="fanoutExchange"; //交换机 public static final String EXCHANGE_A = "my-mq-exchange_A"; public static final String EXCHANGE_B = "my-mq-exchange_B"; public static final String EXCHANGE_C = "my-mq-exchange_C"; //队列 public static final String QUEUE_A = "QUEUE_A"; public static final String QUEUE_B = "QUEUE_B"; public static final String QUEUE_C = "QUEUE_C"; //路由关键字 key public static final String ROUTINGKEY_A = "spring-boot-routingKey_A"; public static final String ROUTINGKEY_B = "spring-boot-routingKey_B"; public static final String ROUTINGKEY_C = "spring-boot-routingKey_C"; @Bean public ConnectionFactory connectionFactory() { CachingConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new CachingConnectionFactory(host,port); connectionFactory.setUsername(username); connectionFactory.setPassword(password); //connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/test"); connectionFactory.setPublisherConfirms(true); return connectionFactory; } @Bean @Scope(ConfigurableBeanFactory.SCOPE_PROTOTYPE) //必须是prototype类型 public RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate() { RabbitTemplate template = new RabbitTemplate(connectionFactory()); return template; } /** * 针对消费者配置 * 1. 设置交换机类型 * 2. 将队列绑定到交换机 FanoutExchange: 将消息分发到所有的绑定队列,无routingkey的概念 HeadersExchange :通过添加属性key-value匹配 DirectExchange:按照routingkey分发到指定队列 TopicExchange:多关键字匹配 */ @Bean public DirectExchange defaultExchangeA() { return new DirectExchange(EXCHANGE_A); } @Bean public DirectExchange defaultExchangeB() { return new DirectExchange(EXCHANGE_B); } @Bean public DirectExchange directExchangeC(){ return new DirectExchange(EXCHANGE_C); } /** * 获取队列A * @return */ @Bean public Queue queueA() { return new Queue(QUEUE_A, true); //队列持久 } @Bean public Queue queueB() { return new Queue(QUEUE_B, true); //队列持久 } @Bean public Queue queueC() { return new Queue(QUEUE_C, true); //队列持久 } /** * 队列绑定交换机 * @return */ @Bean public Binding bindingA() { return BindingBuilder.bind(queueA()).to(defaultExchangeA()).with(RabbitConfig.ROUTINGKEY_A); } @Bean public Binding bindingB(){ return BindingBuilder.bind(queueB()).to(defaultExchangeB()).with(RabbitConfig.ROUTINGKEY_B); } @Bean public Binding bindingC(){ return BindingBuilder.bind(queueC()).to(directExchangeC()).with(RabbitConfig.ROUTINGKEY_C); } //配置fanout_exchange //fanout只能支持统一广播 @Bean FanoutExchange fanoutExchange() { return new FanoutExchange(RabbitConfig.FANOUT_EXCHANGE); } //把所有的队列都绑定到这个交换机上去 @Bean Binding bindingExchangeA(FanoutExchange fanoutExchange) { return BindingBuilder.bind(queueA()).to(fanoutExchange); } @Bean Binding bindingExchangeB(FanoutExchange fanoutExchange) { return BindingBuilder.bind(queueB()).to(fanoutExchange); } @Bean Binding bindingExchangeC(FanoutExchange fanoutExchange) { return BindingBuilder.bind(queueC()).to(fanoutExchange); } }小结:
1.首先创建一个配置类 然后 创建队列
2.创建生产者 生产者要用消息队列的对象,然后传递你想传递的消息
3.创建控制层 填好路径 ,创建生产者对象,然后发送信息
4.消费者,填写好消费队列的名称,监听准备开始消费
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2020.10.07 希望你们奔赴在自己的热爱里!