文章目录

一、 更换软件源为国内源1．修改sources.list前，最好先备份一份2．执行命令打开sources.list文件：3．更换源1） Ubuntu16.04国内源2） Ubuntu18.04国内源3） Ubuntu20.04国内源 4．更新源 二、开启root用户，关闭客人会话1. 开启root用户2. 关闭guest用户 三、安装 open-vm-tools1、更新下软件源2、安装open-vm-tools3、如果要实现文件夹共享，需要安装 open-vm-tools-dkms4、桌面环境还需要安装 open-vm-tools-desktop 以支持双向拖放文件5. 设置共享文件夹 四、搭建nfs网络文件系统服务器

---

一、 更换软件源为国内源

Ubuntu本身的源使用的是国内的源，下载速度比较慢，更换为国内的软件源下载速度要快很多。

1．修改sources.list前，最好先备份一份

执行备份命令 sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.old

2．执行命令打开sources.list文件：

可以用vim，gedit,atom等工具打开 sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list 或 sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list 或(你得自己安装atom，我觉得挺好的一个工具) sudo atom /etc/apt/sources.list

3．更换源

修改源之前提示大家先查看版本名，用以下命令查看版本名：

lsb_release -c

Ubuntu版本 版本名Codename ubuntu20.04 focal ubuntu19.04 eoan ubuntu18.04 bionic ubuntu17.04 zesty ubuntu16.04 xenial

把下面的任意一下复制到sources.list中去，并覆盖原来的文件内容。删除原来的文件内容，把下面的任意一下复制到sources.list中并保存（常用的是阿里源和清华源，推荐阿里源）； 以下是各个版本的不同源

1） Ubuntu16.04国内源

阿里源

#阿里源Ubuntu16.04 # deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 16.04 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release amd64 (20160420.1)]/ xenial main restricted deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial main restricted #Added by software-properties deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse #Added by software-properties deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security multiverse

清华源

#清华源Ubuntu16.04 # deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 16.04 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release amd64 (20160420.1)]/ xenial main restricted deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial universe deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security multiverse

东北大学源

#东北大学源Ubuntu16.04 deb-src http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted #Added by software-properties deb http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted deb-src http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties deb http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted deb-src http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties deb http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial universe deb http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe deb http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse deb http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse deb http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse #Added by software-properties deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner deb http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted deb-src http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties deb http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe deb http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security multiverse

2） Ubuntu18.04国内源

阿里源

#阿里源Ubuntu18.04 deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

清华源

# 清华源Ubuntu18.04 deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse 中科大源 # 中科大源Ubuntu18.04 deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

163源

# 163源Ubuntu18.04 deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

3） Ubuntu20.04国内源

阿里源

#阿里源Ubuntu20.04 deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse

清华源

#清华源Ubuntu20.04 deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse # deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

中科大源

#中科大源Ubuntu20.04 deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

163源

#163源Ubuntu20.04 deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse

4．更新源

桌面终端执行命令： sudo apt update更新软件列表，换源完成。

二、开启root用户，关闭客人会话

1. 开启root用户

首先给root用户设置一个密码： $ sudo passwd root （ 使用root用户登陆 $ sudo vi /usr/share/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d/50-ubuntu.conf 在最后增加greeter-show-manual-login=true 保存退出。重启后可看到登陆框已显示，可输入用户名）

2. 关闭guest用户

$ sudo vi /usr/share/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d/50-ubuntu.conf 在最后增加allow-guest=false 保存退出。重启后可看到已经没有guest用户登陆的选项。

三、安装 open-vm-tools

open-vm-tools 是 VMware Tools 的开源实施，由一套虚拟化实用程序组成，这些程序可增强虚拟机在 VMware 环境中的功能，使管理更加有效。

1、更新下软件源

sudo apt update

2、安装open-vm-tools

sudo apt install open-vm-tools

3、如果要实现文件夹共享，需要安装 open-vm-tools-dkms

sudo apt install open-vm-tools-dkms

4、桌面环境还需要安装 open-vm-tools-desktop 以支持双向拖放文件

sudo apt install open-vm-tools-desktop （如何查看是否安装成功open-vm-tools /etc/init.d ls 可以看到open-vm-tools）

5. 设置共享文件夹

设置好共享文件夹后 先修改 /mnt/hgfs 的权限为777（sudo chmod 777 /mnt/hgfs） 普通用户挂载 vmhgfs-fuse .host:/ /mnt/hgfs

四、搭建nfs网络文件系统服务器

dpkg -l |grep -i "nfs" (检查是否已经安装) sudo apt-get install nfs-kernel-server (安装nfs服务)

sudo gedit /etc/exports (修改配置文件)

修改内容如下： /nfs *(rw,sync,no_root_squash,no_subtree_check) 　　各段表达的意思如下，根据实际进行修改

/nfs ：共享的目录

：指定哪些用户可以访问 * 所有可以ping同该主机的用户 192.168.1.* 指定网段，在该网段中的用户可以挂载 192.168.1.12 只有该用户能挂载

(ro,sync,no_root_squash)： 权限 ro : 只读 rw : 读写 sync : 同步 no_root_squash: 不降低root用户的权限 其他选项man 5 exports 查看 sudo exportfs -ra (使配置生效) sudo exportfs -v (检查配置是否生效) service nfs-kernel-server restart （重启nfs服务）