MyBatis 简介
MyBatis 本是apache的一个开源项目iBatis, 2010年这个项目由apache software foundation 迁移到了google code,并且改名为MyBatis,是一个基于Java的持久化框架。
持久化: 可以将业务数据存储到磁盘,具备长期存储能力,只要磁盘不损坏,在断电或者其他情况下,重新开启系统仍然可以读取到这些数据。
优点:
简单易学:本身就很小且简单。没有任何第三方依赖,最简单安装只要两个jar文件+配置几个sql映射文件易于学习,易于使用,通过文档和源代码,可以比较完全的掌握它的设计思路和实现。灵活:mybatis不会对应用程序或者数据库的现有设计强加任何影响。 sql写在xml里,便于统一管理和优化。通过sql基本上可以实现我们不使用数据访问框架可以实现的所有功能,或许更多。解除sql与程序代码的耦合:通过提供DAL层,将业务逻辑和数据访问逻辑分离,使系统的设计更清晰,更易维护,更易单元测试。sql和代码的分离,提高了可维护性。提供映射标签,支持对象与数据库的orm字段关系映射提供对象关系映射标签,支持对象关系组建维护提供xml标签,支持编写动态sql。
缺点:
编写SQL语句时工作量很大,尤其是字段多、关联表多时,更是如此。SQL语句依赖于数据库,导致数据库移植性差,不能更换数据库。框架还是比较简陋,功能尚有缺失,虽然简化了数据绑定代码,但是整个底层数据库查询实际还是要自己写的,工作量也比较大,而且不太容易适应快速数据库修改。二级缓存机制不佳
Mybatis官方文档: https://mybatis.org/mybatis-3/zh/getting-started.html
Github地址:https://github.com/mybatis/mybatis-3
MYbatis快速入门
一、IDEA新建maven工程mybatis_1,pom文件中添加相关依赖包:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis
</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis
</artifactId>
<version>3.5.4
</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql
</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java
</artifactId>
<version>8.0.15
</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit
</groupId>
<artifactId>junit
</artifactId>
<version>4.12
</version>
</dependency>
DEA 默认是不支持 MyBatis 开发的,需要自己下载第三方插件来支持,自己学习的话free mybatis plugin即可。
注意:需要重启IDEA
二、数据准备工作
创建一个数据库test_w,编码方式设置为 UTF-8,然后再创建一个名为user的表,插入几行数据:
drop database if exists test_w
;
create database test_w
default CHARACTER set utf8;
use test_w
;
create table user
(
id
int auto_increment primary key,
username
varchar(20) not null,
password
varchar(20) not null
);
insert into user values(1,'wanwei','1234');
insert into user values(2,'wanwei2','1234');
insert into user values(3,'wanwei3','1234');
insert into user values(4,'wanwei4','1234');
commit;
三、创建user实体类
package com
.ftj
.dao
;
public class User {
private int id
;
private String username
;
private String password
;
public User(int id
, String username
, String password
) {
this.id
= id
;
this.username
= username
;
this.password
= password
;
}
public User() {
}
public int getId() {
return id
;
}
public void setId(int id
) {
this.id
= id
;
}
public String
getUsername() {
return username
;
}
public void setUsername(String username
) {
this.username
= username
;
}
public String
getPassword() {
return password
;
}
public void setPassword(String password
) {
this.password
= password
;
}
@Override
public String
toString() {
return "User{" +
"id=" + id
+
", username='" + username
+ "'" +
", password='" + password
+ "'" +
"}";
}
}
四、配置文件 mybatis-config.xml
主要作用是提供连接数据库用的驱动,数据名称,编码方式,账号密码等
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<typeAliases>
<package name="com.ftj.dao"/>
</typeAliases>
<environments default="development">
<environment id="development">
<transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
<dataSource type="POOLED">
<property name="driver" value="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"/>
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test_w?serverTimezone=UTC&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false"/>
<property name="username" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value=""/>
</dataSource>
</environment>
</environments>
<mappers>
<mapper resource="User.xml"/>
</mappers>
</configuration>
六、配置文件 User.xml
编写一个mybatis的工具类(可以查看中文文档来创建:目的就是读取配置文件,用SqlSessionFactory(工厂模式)来创建SessionFactory,这里可以用静态代码块来加载配置文件 )
package com
.ftj
.utils
;
import org
.apache
.ibatis
.io
.Resources
;
import org
.apache
.ibatis
.session
.SqlSession
;
import org
.apache
.ibatis
.session
.SqlSessionFactory
;
import org
.apache
.ibatis
.session
.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder
;
import java
.io
.IOException
;
import java
.io
.InputStream
;
public class MybatisUtils {
private static SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory
;
static {
try {
String resource
= "mybatis-config.xml";
InputStream is
= Resources
.getResourceAsStream(resource
);
sqlSessionFactory
= new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(is
);
} catch (IOException e
) {
e
.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static SqlSession
getSqlSession(){
return sqlSessionFactory
.openSession();
}
}
七、配置文件 User.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.ftj.dao">
<select id="getUserList" resultType="User">
select * from user
</select>
<select id="findUserById" resultType="User">
select * from user where id = #{id}
</select>
<delete id="deleteUser">
delete from user where id =#{id}
</delete>
<update id="updateUser">
update user set username=#{username},password=#{password}
where id =#{id}
</update>
<insert id="insertUSer" >
insert into user(id,username,password)
values(#{id},#{username},#{password})
<selectKey resultType="int" keyProperty="id" order="AFTER">
select last_insert_id();
</selectKey>
</insert>
</mapper>
八、编写测试类
package com
.ftj
.dao
;
import com
.ftj
.utils
.MybatisUtils
;
import org
.apache
.ibatis
.session
.SqlSession
;
import org
.junit
.Test
;
import java
.io
.IOException
;
import java
.util
.List
;
public class UserDaoTest {
@Test
public void selectAllTest() throws IOException
{
SqlSession session
= MybatisUtils
.getSqlSession();
List
<User> userList
= session
.selectList("getUserList");
for (User user
: userList
) {
System
.out
.println(user
);
}
session
.close();
}
@Test
public void insertTest() {
SqlSession session
= MybatisUtils
.getSqlSession();
User user
= new User();
user
.setUsername("zhangsan");
user
.setPassword("Huawei1234");
session
.insert("insertUSer", user
);
session
.commit();
session
.close();
}
@Test
public void deleteTest() {
SqlSession session
= MybatisUtils
.getSqlSession();
session
.delete("deleteUser",5);
session
.commit();
session
.close();
}
@Test
public void findUserById(){
SqlSession session
= MybatisUtils
.getSqlSession();
List
<User> userlist
= session
.selectList("findUserById", 6);
for(User user
: userlist
){
System
.out
.println(user
);
}
session
.close();
}
}
遇到的问题
1、可能会遇到的问题就是:maven造成的 .xml文件导出问题(在target目录中没法找到这份文件,从而导致缺少映射的关系,报错,解决办法:就是在pom.xml中增加下面的代码:)
<build>
<resources>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/resources
</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.properties
</include>
<include>**/*.xml
</include>
</includes>
<filtering>false
</filtering>
</resource>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/java
</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.properties
</include>
<include>**/*.xml
</include>
</includes>
<filtering>false
</filtering>
</resource>
</resources>
</build>
2、 java.sql.SQLException: The server time zone value ‘Öйú±ê׼ʱ¼ä’ is unrecognized
mybatis-config.xml中数据库连接url没有指定时区
<property name
="url" value
="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test_w?serverTimezone=UTC&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false"/>