android 西班牙
Over the next couple of weeks, as happens every year at this time, Spain will begin the return to academic activity. The problem is that this is a far-from normal year: let’s be honest, it’s been a deeply abnormal year; and nor is my country behaving like a normal nation.
在接下来的几周内，就像每年这个时候一样， 西班牙将开始恢复学术活动 。 问题在于，这是与正常年份相去甚远的年份：老实说，这是异常严重的一年。 而且我的国家也不像正常国家那样。
In short, it’s clear that Spain has managed the impact of Covid-19 badly. The term virus laggard, used recently by The Washington Post, is bang on target: Spain sits ninth in the world ranking of the number of infections, but only because those above it, with the exception of Peru, have much bigger populations. If we take a relative parameter, such as the number of deaths per million inhabitants, only Belgium and the aforementioned Peru surpass us, and it is very possible that the Belgian case is due to different accounting criteria.
简而言之，很明显，西班牙对Covid-19的影响管理不善。 《华盛顿邮报》最近使用的“ 病毒落后者 ”一词已达到目标：西班牙在感染数量排名中位居世界第九，但这只是因为除秘鲁以外，高于感染者的人口更多。 如果我们采用一个相对参数，例如每百万居民中的死亡人数，那么只有比利时和上述秘鲁能超过我们，比利时的情况很有可能是由于不同的会计准则所致。
We may be scandalized by how badly the United States has handled the pandemic, thanks to the pathetic individual currently occupying the White House, but the reality is that, despite being a much smaller country, in relative terms, Spain has done much worse. Once again, with the sole exception of Peru, the data shows that Spain’s handling of the situation has been much worse than the rest of the developed world, and although it managed to avoid saturation of its health care system, as soon as lockdown was lifted, the infection and death rate soon shot up.
由于目前占领白宫的可怜个人，美国对这种流行病的处理能力可能很差，我们可能会因此而感到震惊，但现实是，尽管相对而言小得多，但西班牙的情况要差得多。 数据再次显示，除秘鲁外，数据显示西班牙的处境要比其他发达世界差很多，尽管西班牙设法在解除封锁后尽力避免医疗体系饱和之后， 感染和死亡率Swift上升 。
The reasons why a country with a good healthcare system has become one of the countries with the highest number of deaths per million are complex and not entirely known, but the current situation should, at the very least, lead us to reflect and demand more efficient management. Fewer slogans, less triumphalism, and more studying what other countries do and we don’t, or what we do and they don’t. Throughout the world, only the United Kingdom and the United States are seen by their populations as doing a worse job than Spain in managing the pandemic, and the reality is that the citizens of those countries are being tougher judges than the Spanish: the simple truth is that our government has done much worse than theirs.
一个拥有良好医疗保健系统的国家已成为每百万死亡人数最高的国家之一的原因很复杂，尚不完全清楚，但目前的状况至少应使我们反思并要求更有效地管理。 更少的口号，更少的凯旋主义，更多地研究其他国家做什么和我们不做什么，或者我们做什么和他们不做什么。 在世界范围内， 只有英国和美国在其人口大流行方面比西班牙做得更差 ，而现实是这些国家的公民比西班牙人更坚强的法官：简单的事实是我们的政府做得比他们的政府差得多。
In the United States, moreover, many of the schools and campuses that are returning to activity are already being shut down, either indefinitely or for a few days to carry out massive disinfection operations, even though we know now that the transmission of the virus through surfaces is almost nonexistent.
此外，在美国， 许多恢复活动的学校和校园已经无限期或几天关闭 ，以进行大规模消毒操作，即使我们现在知道病毒通过表面几乎不存在 。
Research on the pandemic is advancing, and it’s now clear that there are a number of issues of great concern as we return to the classroom: it is clear that the mechanism of transmission is mostly through respiratory aerosols, the tiny droplets of saliva we release when we breathe, cough or talk. This is why infection rates rose sharply after nightclubs were allowed to reopen, and why they were soon closed again. Respiratory viruses love nightclubs: indoor, loud places where people don’t use a mask, and they need to get very close to talk to each other.
关于大流行的研究正在进行中，现在很明显，当我们回到教室时，存在许多令人关注的问题：很明显， 传播的机制主要是通过呼吸气溶胶 ，即当我们释放时唾液产生的微小液滴我们呼吸，咳嗽或说话。 这就是为什么在夜总会重新开放后感染率急剧上升的原因，以及为什么很快又将它们关闭的原因。 呼吸道病毒喜欢夜总会：室内喧闹的地方人们不戴口罩，他们需要非常近距离地互相交谈。
We know, therefore, that this type of transmission occurs in other closed places such as classrooms, and over much greater distances than we thought, and that poor ventilation and the time spent in the room are the biggest factors in propagating the virus. We also know that the relationship between children and the virus is extremely complex: they are not invulnerable, and in many cases can transmit the disease easily, even if they are asymptomatic, while the viral load in their respiratory system is higher. That said, it is still not clear how much they transmit or why so many children do not manifest symptoms when they have the virus.
因此，我们知道这种类型的传播发生在其他封闭的地方，例如教室，并且距离比我们想象的要大得多 ，并且通风不良和在房间中花费的时间是传播该病毒的最大因素。 我们还知道， 儿童与病毒之间的关系极为复杂 ：它们并非无懈可击 ，即使在无症状的情况下，它们在呼吸系统中的病毒载量较高，在许多情况下也可以很容易地传播疾病 。 话虽如此，仍不清楚它们传播多少或为什么这么多儿童在感染病毒时没有表现出症状。
These are not opinions: I am stating facts, and although research is moving at a fast pace, I am a biologist, I know how to read and interpret data and studies, and I try to make my sources rigorous. I am not a panic monger, nor am I obsessed with the pandemic: I am a teacher, and like the rest of my colleagues, I will return to teaching this week. But I am very much afraid — and nothing would make me happier than to be proved wrong — that the conditions under which Spain is returning to class are inadequate and could spark a significant rise in the number of cases.
这些不是意见：我是在陈述事实，尽管研究发展很快，但我是一名生物学家，我知道如何阅读和解释数据和研究，并且我试图使自己的资料来源严格。 我不是一个恐慌的贩子，也不是这个流行病的困扰者：我是一名老师，和我的其他同事一样，我将在本周恢复教学。 但是我非常担心，而且，没有什么比让我证明自己做错事更让我高兴的是，西班牙重返课堂的条件并不充分，并可能引发案件数量的大幅上升。
I am also worried about the absence of a contingency plan in the event of a sharp increase in new cases, as well as the lack of preparation for a mass vaccination campaign. A rapid deployment of a vaccine, when one becomes available, is essential, given that ours is an open economy, and one dependent on tourism.
我还担心在新病例急剧增加的情况下没有应急计划，也没有为大规模疫苗接种运动做准备。 鉴于我们的经济是开放的，而且依赖旅游业，因此，一旦有可用的疫苗，快速部署疫苗至关重要。
The first term hasn’t even begun, and Spain’s school report is: could do better, much better. If it doesn’t buck it's ideas up, the consequences could be disastrous.
第一个学期甚至还没有开始，西班牙的学校报告是：可以做得更好，要好得多。 如果它不能解决问题，后果可能是灾难性的。
This article was previously published on Forbes.
本文先前已在《福布斯》上发表。
(En español, aquí)
( Enespañol ， aquí )
翻译自: https://medium.com/enrique-dans/in-spain-as-everywhere-the-question-is-whether-schools-can-reopen-safely-i-have-grave-doubts-9a3289a97320
android 西班牙
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