Google and Apple’s invasive tools cannot replace human contact tracers and will continue to harm civil liberties long after the virus subsides.
Google和苹果的侵入性工具无法替代人类接触追踪器，并且在病毒消退后很长一段时间内仍将继续损害公民自由。
By Jeff Hauser, Sarah Miller, and Daniel E. Stevens
杰夫·豪瑟(Jeff Hauser)，莎拉·米勒(Sarah Miller)和丹尼尔·史蒂文斯(Daniel E.Stevens)
Apple and Google are forging ahead with their COVID-19 contact tracing tools, and many are welcoming them as a key factor in efforts to emerge from our national lockdown. But the companies’ past behavior — and their business models — raises the prospect that their new technology could lead to an unprecedented level of surveillance long after the current crisis has passed.
苹果和谷歌正在开拓进取与他们COVID-19接触者追踪工具，许多人欢迎他们在努力从我们国家的锁定出现的关键因素。 但是，这些公司过去的行为及其商业模式使人们有希望，在当前危机过去很久之后，他们的新技术就可能导致前所未有的监控水平。
It may not be worth the trade-off.
可能不值得取舍。
There are growing concerns that the system devised by the tech giants won’t be particularly helpful for slowing the virus’ advance. It will allow, but not require, a person who has tested positive to alert anyone with whom they’ve been in recent contact. What a person getting such an alert would do next is an open question. Without a human contact tracer involved, the system may end up being of little use.
越来越多的人 担心 ，由科技巨头设计的系统对于减慢病毒的传播速度并不会特别有用。 这将允许(但不要求)测试结果呈阳性的人向最近与其联系过的任何人发出警报。 得到此类警报的人下一步将要做的是一个悬而未决的问题。 如果不涉及人类接触追踪器，该系统最终将无用。
On the other side of the ledger, the new tools pose serious risks to civil liberties that will likely be felt long after the virus subsides. It is unclear if users will truly be able to opt out of having their data collected. It’s also unclear what data, if any, will be stored on Apple and Google servers and associated with user accounts. We don’t know what will happen to the data once the crisis passes, or whether users’ privacy settings will revert to the way they were. The tech platforms are asking us to simply trust them.
在分类账的另一端，新工具给公民自由带来了严重的风险，这种威胁很可能在病毒消退很久之后才被察觉。 尚不清楚用户是否真的可以选择不收集其数据。 还不清楚哪些数据(如果有)将存储在Apple和Google服务器上并与用户帐户相关联。 我们不知道一旦危机过去，数据将如何处理，或者用户的隐私设置是否会恢复到原来的状态。 技术平台要求我们简单地信任它们。
Our organizations have been investigating the problems caused by powerful tech companies, and we see good reason to be skeptical. Apple and Google have already been forced to pay huge fines for failing to follow consumer protection laws, and polls show Americans have little confidence things will be different this time.
我们的组织一直在调查强大的科技公司所引起的问题，我们认为有充分的理由对此表示怀疑。 苹果和谷歌已经因不遵守消费者保护法而被罚款 巨额 罚款 。 民意调查显示，美国人对这次情况有所不同的信心不足。
At its core, Google is an advertising company with an insatiable appetite for user information, which it relies on to target ads. Understanding users’ social networks is especially valuable.
Google的核心是一家广告公司，它对用户信息的需求永无止境，它依赖于它来定位广告。 了解用户的社交网络特别有价值。
Apple makes most of its money by selling expensive gadgets, and it has criticized companies like Google that sell access to personal information. But Apple has proven quite content to steer its users’ data to Google when it’s in its own interest.
苹果通过出售昂贵的小工具来赚钱，并且批评了像谷歌这样出售个人信息访问权的公司。 但是，事实证明，苹果公司出于自身利益，足以将用户数据引导至Google。
Google paid Apple a staggering $12 billion in 2019 to make it the default search engine in Apple’s Safari browser. That gives Google access to the personal information of the Apple users it doesn’t control through its ownership of the Android operating system.
谷歌在2019年向苹果支付了惊人的120亿美元，使其成为苹果Safari浏览器的默认搜索引擎。 这样一来，Google便可以访问其不受Android操作系统所有权控制的Apple用户的个人信息。
What’s to stop the two tech giants from brokering a similar deal for access to information about someone’s physical contacts — and continuing to share that proximity data long after the coronavirus crisis is over?
是什么能阻止这两家科技巨头达成类似的交易，以获取有关某人身体接触的信息，并在冠状病毒危机结束后很长时间继续继续共享该邻近数据？
The companies say users will have to “opt-in” to the system. But Google has a history of coercively extracting consent from users, and of continuing to track users even when they have attempted to opt-out of its data collection.
两家公司表示，用户将不得不“选择加入”该系统。 但是Google一直具有强制性地从用户那里提取同意的历史，并且即使他们试图退出其数据收集，也一直在继续跟踪用户。
Users who opt in for this ostensibly worthwhile reason will likely have to alter their permissions on what kind of data the tech companies can collect. If history is a guide, as long as the companies are reaping a data bonanza, they won’t be in a hurry to restore those settings.
选择表面上值得这样做的用户可能必须更改其对技术公司可以收集哪种数据的权限。 如果历史可以作为指导，只要两家公司都在收获数据大富翁，他们就不会着急恢复这些设置。
Google and Apple have stressed that public health organizations will build the apps that use their new tracing tools — suggesting that those entities can be trusted to protect user privacy. But third-party apps that use its services are covered by Google’s own privacy policy, giving it wide berth to mine users’ data.
谷歌和苹果强调，公共卫生组织将构建使用其新跟踪工具的应用程序-建议可以信任这些实体以保护用户隐私。 但是，使用其服务的第三方应用程序受Google 自己的隐私权政策的保护 ，从而可以广泛地挖掘用户数据。
Finally, Apple and Google say their new system is safe because smartphones will trade anonymized tracing keys. But there is abundant research showing that anonymized data can be de-anonymized and attached to individual users.
最后，苹果和谷歌表示他们的新系统是安全的，因为智能手机将使用匿名的跟踪密钥。 但是有大量研究表明，匿名数据可以取消匿名并附加到单个用户。
The danger is that, having built this system, Apple and Google will find it hard to say no if governments say their contact-tracers, and not just users, must get the alerts. France has already asked the companies to loosen privacy restrictions for its contact tracing app, causing one early proponent of the system to have a change of heart.
危险在于，建立了这个系统之后，如果政府说他们的联系追踪者(不仅仅是用户)必须得到警报，那么苹果和谷歌将很难拒绝。 法国已经要求两家公司放宽其联系人跟踪应用程序的隐私限制，从而使该系统的早期支持者改变了主意 。
Apple has repeatedly caved to the demands of authoritarian regimes, particularly China, where it manufactures and sells many of its devices. Last year, as anti-government protests raged in Hong Kong, the company took down an app that helped protesters evade law enforcement and removed the Quartz app from its Chinese store after the news outlet’s tough coverage of the demonstrations.
苹果公司一再屈从于专制政权的要求，特别是在中国生产和销售其许多设备的中国。 去年，随着香港反政府抗议活动的盛行，该公司关闭了一个可帮助抗议者逃避执法的应用程序，并在新闻媒体对示威活动进行了严厉报道后将Quartz应用程序从其中国商店中删除。
Even in this time of need, we must ensure that we don’t usher in a new era of surveillance that cannot easily be reversed.
即使在这个有需要的时候，我们也必须确保我们不会迎来一个不容易逆转的监视新时代。
Jeff Hauser is the founder and director of the Revolving Door Project.
杰夫·豪瑟(Jeff Hauser)是 旋转门项目 的创始人兼总监 。
Sarah Miller is the Executive Director of the American Economic Liberties Project.
萨拉·米勒(Sarah Miller)是 美国经济自由项目 的执行董事 。
Daniel E. Stevens is the Executive Director of Campaign for Accountability.
Daniel E. Stevens是 问责制运动 的执行总监 。
翻译自: https://medium.com/@Accountable_Org/why-we-should-worry-about-big-techs-covid-tracking-plans-472918c1a7db
