创建一个maven项目,同时选择webapp模块,首先导入所需的maven坐标导入jar包 1、pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>org.example</groupId> <artifactId>springmvc_day01_02_start</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>war</packaging> <name>springmvc_day01_02_start Maven Webapp</name> <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website --> <url>http://www.example.com</url> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source> <maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>5.2.9.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>5.2.9.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId> <version>5.2.9.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId> <version>2.5</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId> <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId> <version>2.0</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <finalName>springmvc_day01_02_start</finalName> <pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) --> <plugins> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.1.0</version> </plugin> <!-- see http://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_war_packaging --> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.0.2</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.8.0</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.22.1</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.2.2</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.5.2</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.8.2</version> </plugin> </plugins> </pluginManagement> </build> </project>2、配置servlet 同时配置加载sprinmvc的配置文件,使配置文件生效。 web.xml
<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN" "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" > <web-app> <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name> <servlet> <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <!-- 配置Servlet的初始化参数,读取springmvc的配置文件,创建spring容器 --> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value> </init-param> <!-- 配置servlet启动时加载对象 --> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app>3、springmvc配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"> <!-- spring扫描的包 --> <context:component-scan base-package="cn"></context:component-scan> <!-- 配置视图解析器 --> <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/"></property> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property> </bean> <!-- 开启注解支持 --> <mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven> </beans> mvc:annotation-driven说明 在 SpringMVC 的各个组件中,处理器映射器、处理器适配器、视图解析器称为 SpringMVC 的三大组件。 使用<mvc:annotation-driven> 自动加载 RequestMappingHandlerMapping (处理映射器)和 RequestMappingHandlerAdapter ( 处 理 适 配 器 ) , 可 用 在 SpringMVC.xml 配 置 文 件 中 使 用 <mvc:annotation-driven>替代注解处理器和适配器的配置。 4、主页面index.jsp <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html> <head> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <h1>第一个SpringMVC</h1> <a href="hello">开始测试</a> </body> </html>5、处理hello请求
@Controller public class helloSpringMvc { @RequestMapping(value = "/hello") public String sayHello() { System.out.println("Hello SpringMVC"); return "hello"; } }6、成功页面 hello.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html> <head> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <h1>测试成功</h1> </body> </html>7、测试运行 选择tomcat服务器运行
点击过后 流程分析 1、当启动Tomcat服务器的时候,因为配置了load-on-startup标签,所以会创建DispatcherServlet对象, 就会加载springmvc.xml配置文件 。 2、开启了注解扫描,那么HelloController对象就会被创建。 3、从index.jsp发送请求,请求会先到达DispatcherServlet核心控制器,根据配置@RequestMapping注解 找到执行的具体方法 。 4、根据执行方法的返回值,再根据配置的视图解析器,去指定的目录下查找指定名称的JSP文件 。 5、 Tomcat服务器渲染页面,做出响应 。 图解 三大组件处理过程分析 视频解析过程:黑马程序员springmvc教程