原帖：https://www.cnblogs.com/guixiaoming/p/8507268.html curl 是一种命令行工具，作用是发出网络请求，然后获取数据，显示在"标准输出"（stdout）上面。它支持多种协议，下面列举其常用功能。
一、查看网页源码 直接在 curl 命令后加上网址，就可以看到网页源码。以网址 www.sina.com为例（选择该网址，主要因为它的网页代码较短）。
$ curl www.sina.com <html> <head><title>301 Moved Permanently</title></head> <body bgcolor="white"> <center><h1>301 Moved Permanently</h1></center> <hr><center>nginx</center> </body> </html>如果要把这个网页保存下来，可以使用 -o 参数：
$ curl -o [文件名] www.sina.com二、自动跳转 有的网址是自动跳转的。使用 -L 参数，curl 就会跳转到新的网址。
$ curl -L www.sina.com键入上面的命令，结果自动跳转为 www.sina.com.cn。
三、显示头信息 -i 参数可以显示 http response 的头信息，连同网页代码一起。-I 参数则只显示 http response 的头信息。
$ curl -i www.sina.comHTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently Server: nginx Date: Tue, 23 Aug 2016 08:30:16 GMT Content-Type: text/html Location: http://www.sina.com.cn/ Expires: Tue, 23 Aug 2016 08:32:16 GMT Cache-Control: max-age=120 Age: 102 Content-Length: 178 X-Cache: HIT from xd33-83.sina.com.cn
<html> <head><title>301 Moved Permanently</title></head> <body bgcolor="white"> <center><h1>301 Moved Permanently</h1></center> <hr><center>nginx</center> </body> </html>四、显示通信过程 -v 参数可以显示一次 http 通信的整个过程，包括端口连接和 http request 头信息。
$ curl -v www.sina.com Rebuilt URL to: www.sina.com/Hostname was NOT found in DNS cacheTrying 202.108.33.60…Connected to www.sina.com (202.108.33.60) port 80 (#0)如果觉得上面的信息还不够，那么下面的命令可以查看更详细的通信过程。
$ curl --trace output.txt www.sina.com或者
$ curl --trace-ascii output.txt www.sina.com运行后，打开 output.txt 文件查看。
五、发送表单信息 发送表单信息有 GET 和 POST 两种方法。GET 方法相对简单，只要把数据附在网址后面就行。
$ curl example.com/form.cgi?data=xxxPOST 方法必须把数据和网址分开，curl 就要用到 --data 或者 -d 参数。
$ curl -X POST --data "data=xxx" example.com/form.cgi如果你的数据没有经过表单编码，还可以让 curl 为你编码，参数是 --data-urlencode。
$ curl -X POST--data-urlencode "date=April 1" example.com/form.cgi六、HTTP动词 curl 默认的 HTTP 动词是 GET，使用 -X 参数可以支持其他动词。
$ curl -X POST www.example.com $ curl -X DELETE www.example.com七、User Agent字段 这个字段是用来表示客户端的设备信息。服务器有时会根据这个字段，针对不同设备，返回不同格式的网页，比如手机版和桌面版。 浏览器的 User Agent 是：
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/51.0.2704.84 Safari/537.36 curl 可以这样模拟：
$ curl --user-agent "[User Agent]" [URL]八、cookie 使用 --cookie 参数，可以让 curl 发送 cookie。
$ curl --cookie "name=xxx" www.example.com至于具体的 cookie 的值，可以从 http response 头信息的 Set-Cookie 字段中得到。
九、增加头信息 有时需要在 http request 之中，自行增加一个头信息。–header 参数就可以起到这个作用。
$ curl --header "Content-Type:application/json" http://example.com十、HTTP认证 有些网域需要 HTTP 认证，这时 curl 需要用到 --user 或者 -u 参数。
$ curl --user name:password example.com附录 curl 命令完整的参数
$ curl --helpUsage: curl [options…] Options: (H) means HTTP/HTTPS only, (F) means FTP only –anyauth Pick “any” authentication method (H) -a, --append Append to target file when uploading (F/SFTP) –basic Use HTTP Basic Authentication (H) –cacert FILE CA certificate to verify peer against (SSL) –capath DIR CA directory to verify peer against (SSL) -E, --cert CERT[:PASSWD] Client certificate file and password (SSL) –cert-type TYPE Certificate file type (DER/PEM/ENG) (SSL) –ciphers LIST SSL ciphers to use (SSL) –compressed Request compressed response (using deflate or gzip) -K, --config FILE Specify which config file to read –connect-timeout SECONDS Maximum time allowed for connection -C, --continue-at OFFSET Resumed transfer offset -b, --cookie STRING/FILE String or file to read cookies from (H) -c, --cookie-jar FILE Write cookies to this file after operation (H) –create-dirs Create necessary local directory hierarchy –crlf Convert LF to CRLF in upload –crlfile FILE Get a CRL list in PEM format from the given file -d, --data DATA HTTP POST data (H) –data-ascii DATA HTTP POST ASCII data (H) –data-binary DATA HTTP POST binary data (H) –data-urlencode DATA HTTP POST data url encoded (H) –delegation STRING GSS-API delegation permission –digest Use HTTP Digest Authentication (H) –disable-eprt Inhibit using EPRT or LPRT (F) –disable-epsv Inhibit using EPSV (F) –dns-servers DNS server addrs to use: 1.1.1.1;2.2.2.2 –dns-interface Interface to use for DNS requests –dns-ipv4-addr IPv4 address to use for DNS requests, dot notation –dns-ipv6-addr IPv6 address to use for DNS requests, dot notation -D, --dump-header FILE Write the headers to this file –egd-file FILE EGD socket path for random data (SSL) –engine ENGINE Crypto engine (SSL). “–engine list” for list -f, --fail Fail silently (no output at all) on HTTP errors (H) -F, --form CONTENT Specify HTTP multipart POST data (H) –form-string STRING Specify HTTP multipart POST data (H) –ftp-account DATA Account data string (F) –ftp-alternative-to-user COMMAND String to replace “USER [name]” (F) –ftp-create-dirs Create the remote dirs if not present (F) –ftp-method [MULTICWD/NOCWD/SINGLECWD] Control CWD usage (F) –ftp-pasv Use PASV/EPSV instead of PORT (F) -P, --ftp-port ADR Use PORT with given address instead of PASV (F) –ftp-skip-pasv-ip Skip the IP address for PASV (F) –ftp-pret Send PRET before PASV (for drftpd) (F) –ftp-ssl-ccc Send CCC after authenticating (F) –ftp-ssl-ccc-mode ACTIVE/PASSIVE Set CCC mode (F) –ftp-ssl-control Require SSL/TLS for ftp login, clear for transfer (F) -G, --get Send the -d data with a HTTP GET (H) -g, --globoff Disable URL sequences and ranges using {} and [] -H, --header LINE Custom header to pass to server (H) -I, --head Show document info only -h, --help This help text –hostpubmd5 MD5 Hex encoded MD5 string of the host public key. (SSH) -0, --http1.0 Use HTTP 1.0 (H) –http1.1 Use HTTP 1.1 (H) –http2.0 Use HTTP 2.0 (H) –ignore-content-length Ignore the HTTP Content-Length header -i, --include Include protocol headers in the output (H/F) -k, --insecure Allow connections to SSL sites without certs (H) –interface INTERFACE Specify network interface/address to use -4, --ipv4 Resolve name to IPv4 address -6, --ipv6 Resolve name to IPv6 address -j, --junk-session-cookies Ignore session cookies read from file (H) –keepalive-time SECONDS Interval between keepalive probes –key KEY Private key file name (SSL/SSH) –key-type TYPE Private key file type (DER/PEM/ENG) (SSL) –krb LEVEL Enable Kerberos with specified security level (F) –libcurl FILE Dump libcurl equivalent code of this command line –limit-rate RATE Limit transfer speed to this rate -l, --list-only List only mode (F/POP3) –local-port RANGE Force use of these local port numbers -L, --location Follow redirects (H) –location-trusted like --location and send auth to other hosts (H) -M, --manual Display the full manual –mail-from FROM Mail from this address (SMTP) –mail-rcpt TO Mail to this/these addresses (SMTP) –mail-auth AUTH Originator address of the original email (SMTP) –max-filesize BYTES Maximum file size to download (H/F) –max-redirs NUM Maximum number of redirects allowed (H) -m, --max-time SECONDS Maximum time allowed for the transfer –metalink Process given URLs as metalink XML file –negotiate Use HTTP Negotiate Authentication (H) -n, --netrc Must read .netrc for user name and password –netrc-optional Use either .netrc or URL; overrides -n –netrc-file FILE Set up the netrc filename to use -N, --no-buffer Disable buffering of the output stream –no-keepalive Disable keepalive use on the connection –no-sessionid Disable SSL session-ID reusing (SSL) –noproxy List of hosts which do not use proxy –ntlm Use HTTP NTLM authentication (H) –oauth2-bearer TOKEN OAuth 2 Bearer Token (IMAP, POP3, SMTP) -o, --output FILE Write output to instead of stdout –pass PASS Pass phrase for the private key (SSL/SSH) –post301 Do not switch to GET after following a 301 redirect (H) –post302 Do not switch to GET after following a 302 redirect (H) –post303 Do not switch to GET after following a 303 redirect (H) -#, --progress-bar Display transfer progress as a progress bar –proto PROTOCOLS Enable/disable specified protocols –proto-redir PROTOCOLS Enable/disable specified protocols on redirect -x, --proxy [PROTOCOL://]HOST[:PORT] Use proxy on given port –proxy-anyauth Pick “any” proxy authentication method (H) –proxy-basic Use Basic authentication on the proxy (H) –proxy-digest Use Digest authentication on the proxy (H) –proxy-negotiate Use Negotiate authentication on the proxy (H) –proxy-ntlm Use NTLM authentication on the proxy (H) -U, --proxy-user USER[:PASSWORD] Proxy user and password –proxy1.0 HOST[:PORT] Use HTTP/1.0 proxy on given port -p, --proxytunnel Operate through a HTTP proxy tunnel (using CONNECT) –pubkey KEY Public key file name (SSH) -Q, --quote CMD Send command(s) to server before transfer (F/SFTP) –random-file FILE File for reading random data from (SSL) -r, --range RANGE Retrieve only the bytes within a range –raw Do HTTP “raw”, without any transfer decoding (H) -e, --referer Referer URL (H) -J, --remote-header-name Use the header-provided filename (H) -O, --remote-name Write output to a file named as the remote file –remote-name-all Use the remote file name for all URLs -R, --remote-time Set the remote file’s time on the local output -X, --request COMMAND Specify request command to use –resolve HOST:PORT:ADDRESS Force resolve of HOST:PORT to ADDRESS –retry NUM Retry request NUM times if transient problems occur –retry-delay SECONDS When retrying, wait this many seconds between each –retry-max-time SECONDS Retry only within this period –sasl-ir Enable initial response in SASL authentication -S, --show-error Show error. With -s, make curl show errors when they occur -s, --silent Silent mode. Don’t output anything –socks4 HOST[:PORT] SOCKS4 proxy on given host + port –socks4a HOST[:PORT] SOCKS4a proxy on given host + port –socks5 HOST[:PORT] SOCKS5 proxy on given host + port –socks5-hostname HOST[:PORT] SOCKS5 proxy, pass host name to proxy –socks5-gssapi-service NAME SOCKS5 proxy service name for gssapi –socks5-gssapi-nec Compatibility with NEC SOCKS5 server -Y, --speed-limit RATE Stop transfers below speed-limit for ‘speed-time’ secs -y, --speed-time SECONDS Time for trig speed-limit abort. Defaults to 30 –ssl Try SSL/TLS (FTP, IMAP, POP3, SMTP) –ssl-reqd Require SSL/TLS (FTP, IMAP, POP3, SMTP) -2, --sslv2 Use SSLv2 (SSL) -3, --sslv3 Use SSLv3 (SSL) –ssl-allow-beast Allow security flaw to improve interop (SSL) –stderr FILE Where to redirect stderr. - means stdout –tcp-nodelay Use the TCP_NODELAY option -t, --telnet-option OPT=VAL Set telnet option –tftp-blksize VALUE Set TFTP BLKSIZE option (must be >512) -z, --time-cond TIME Transfer based on a time condition -1, --tlsv1 Use TLSv1 (SSL) –trace FILE Write a debug trace to the given file –trace-ascii FILE Like --trace but without the hex output –trace-time Add time stamps to trace/verbose output –tr-encoding Request compressed transfer encoding (H) -T, --upload-file FILE Transfer FILE to destination –url URL URL to work with -B, --use-ascii Use ASCII/text transfer -u, --user USER[:PASSWORD][;OPTIONS] Server user, password and login options –tlsuser USER TLS username –tlspassword STRING TLS password –tlsauthtype STRING TLS authentication type (default SRP) -A, --user-agent STRING User-Agent to send to server (H) -v, --verbose Make the operation more talkative -V, --version Show version number and quit -w, --write-out FORMAT What to output after completion –xattr Store metadata in extended file attributes -q If used as the first parameter disables .curlrc
